Outline
The sin-offering of ignorance for the priest. (Verse 1-12.)
For the whole congregation. (Verse 13-21.)
For a ruler. (Verse 22-26.)
For any of the people. (Verse 27-35.)
1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
2 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, If a soul shall sin through ignorance against any of the commandments of the LORD concerning things which ought not to be done, and shall do against any of them:
this chapter discusses the “sin-offering” and gives different requirements for the sins of the priest (v.3-12), the sins of the whole congregation (v.13-21), the sins of a ruler (v.22-26), and for the sins of one of the common people (v.27-35).
note that sin is still sin whether done consciously or in ignorance. God will never accept the excuse, “I didn’t know that was wrong….” God has given us his word to inform us about what is right and wrong and it is up to you to read it and discover what God requires of you
Study Question
What statement did Paul consistently repeat along this line in Rom. 1:13; 11:25; I Cor. 10:1; 12:1; etc.?
3 If the priest that is anointed do sin according to the sin of the people; then let him bring for his sin, which he hath sinned, a young bullock without blemish unto the LORD for a sin offering.
4 And he shall bring the bullock unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation before the LORD; and shall lay his hand upon the bullock’s head, and kill the bullock before the LORD.
5 And the priest that is anointed shall take of the bullock’s blood, and bring it to the tabernacle of the congregation:
6 And the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle of the blood seven times before the LORD, before the vail of the sanctuary.
Why did the priest dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle it seven times before the vail of the sanctuary? If you think about what the blood represents along with the meaning of the vail and what the number seven means, then the answer becomes obvious.
Seven is the number of completion and the blood represents the blood that the lamb of God would shed one day for the sins of the world whether they knew they were sins or not, and the vail is what separates man from God’s glory which would kill him.
7 And the priest shall put some of the blood upon the horns of the altar of sweet incense before the LORD, which is in the tabernacle of the congregation; and shall pour all the blood of the bullock at the bottom of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.
8 And he shall take off from it all the fat of the bullock for the sin offering; the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is upon the inwards,
9 And the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, which is by the flanks, and the caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away,
10 As it was taken off from the bullock of the sacrifice of peace offerings: and the priest shall burn them upon the altar of the burnt offering.
11 And the skin of the bullock, and all his flesh, with his head, and with his legs, and his inwards, and his dung,
12 Even the whole bullock shall he carry forth without the camp unto a clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and burn him on the wood with fire: where the ashes are poured out shall he be burnt.
the offering required of the priest for his sin was equal to that required of the whole congregation of Israel for their sin. We see here a comparison to Jesus who offered a sacrifice on Calvary sufficient to pay for the sins of ALL the world!
Here we shall deal with another aspect of the offerings and that is what was to be done with the remains of the offering as listed above.
There was a special place outside the camp where they were to dispose of these parts and they were to do it exactly as they were told, they couldn’t just do what they wanted with the remains because it was a sacrifice after all.
They would carry the remains out to the place where the ashes from the offerings were brought and all the remains were burnt there on the wood until it was all consumed.
God knew the diseases that would come about with dead rotting corpses laying around.
It wasn’t until only recently generations that mankind figured that out. The word of God is so far ahead of modern science!
13 And if the whole congregation of Israel sin through ignorance, and the thing be hid from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done somewhat against any of the commandments of the LORD concerning things which should not be done, and are guilty;
14 When the sin, which they have sinned against it, is known, then the congregation shall offer a young bullock for the sin, and bring him before the tabernacle of the congregation.
15 And the elders of the congregation shall lay their hands upon the head of the bullock before the LORD: and the bullock shall be killed before the LORD.
16 And the priest that is anointed shall bring of the bullock’s blood to the tabernacle of the congregation:
17 And the priest shall dip his finger in some of the blood, and sprinkle it seven times before the LORD, even before the vail.
18 And he shall put some of the blood upon the horns of the altar which is before the LORD, that is in the tabernacle of the congregation, and shall pour out all the blood at the bottom of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.
19 And he shall take all his fat from him, and burn it upon the altar.
20 And he shall do with the bullock as he did with the bullock for a sin offering, so shall he do with this: and the priest shall make an atonement for them, and it shall be forgiven them.
21 And he shall carry forth the bullock without the camp, and burn him as he burned the first bullock: it is a sin offering for the congregation.
Now let’s take the opportunity to look at the priest as he dips his finger in some of the blood and he sprinkles it seven times before the LORD and before the vail, and some of it he puts on the horns of the altar.
Why does he place it on the four horns of the altar? What do they represent? This altar is of course the Brazen Altar made of Shittim wood and overlaid with brass. Brass in the Bible has to do with judgment.
The altar has four corners where the four horns reside as the earth is said to have four corners which represent the four corners of the earth.
Lastly the priests pours out the remaining blood at the bottom of the altar. Why? Isn’t there a lot of blood around the sacrifice now? Yes, and this goes on and on with every sacrifice. Why?
22 When a ruler hath sinned, and done somewhat through ignorance against any of the commandments of the LORD his God concerning things which should not be done, and is guilty;
23 Or if his sin, wherein he hath sinned, come to his knowledge; he shall bring his offering, a kid of the goats, a male without blemish:
24 And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the goat, and kill it in the place where they kill the burnt offering before the LORD: it is a sin offering.
25 And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and shall pour out his blood at the bottom of the altar of burnt offering.
26 And he shall burn all his fat upon the altar, as the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings: and the priest shall make an atonement for him as concerning his sin, and it shall be forgiven him.
Here were have a clear instructions that the sins of the individual who offered an offering by faith would receive the forgiveness for that sin.
This was of course concerning a ruler who had sinned, but God makes provision for all as you shall see in the next offering.
If we had to offer a sacrifice for every sin we committed today, there would either be a lot of bankrupt people or they would be a more holy people.
27 And if any one of the common people sin through ignorance, while he doeth somewhat against any of the commandments of the LORD concerning things which ought not to be done, and be guilty;
28 Or if his sin, which he hath sinned, come to his knowledge: then he shall bring his offering, a kid of the goats, a female without blemish, for his sin which he hath sinned.
“come to his knowledge” – we should be asking the Lord in prayer to show us things that are not right in our lives that need to be confessed to God (I John 1:9) and forsaken or dealt with. Remember, ignorance is NEVER an excuse for sin!
29 And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering, and slay the sin offering in the place of the burnt offering.
30 And the priest shall take of the blood thereof with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and shall pour out all the blood thereof at the bottom of the altar.
31 And he shall take away all the fat thereof, as the fat is taken away from off the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn it upon the altar for a sweet savour unto the LORD; and the priest shall make an atonement for him, and it shall be forgiven him.
The big difference here is that the offering is not a male but a female without blemish, Why? Think about it for a second.
If all that ever was sacrificed were males then there would be a lot of female animals so God allows the common person to offer a female so as to keep the numbers somewhat even. God literally thinks of everything.
32 And if he bring a lamb for a sin offering, he shall bring it a female without blemish.
33 And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering, and slay it for a sin offering in the place where they kill the burnt offering.
34 And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and shall pour out all the blood thereof at the bottom of the altar:
35 And he shall take away all the fat thereof, as the fat of the lamb is taken away from the sacrifice of the peace offerings; and the priest shall burn them upon the altar, according to the offerings made by fire unto the LORD: and the priest shall make an atonement for his sin that he hath committed, and it shall be forgiven him.
Commentary by Matthew Henry, 1710.
Verse 1-12 – Burnt-offerings, meat-offerings, and peace-offerings, had been offered before the giving of the law upon mount Sinai; and in these the patriarchs had respect to sin, to make atonement for it. But the Jews were now put into a way of making atonement for sin, more particularly by sacrifice, as a shadow of good things to come; yet the substance is Christ, and that one offering of himself, by which he put away sin. The sins for which the sin-offerings were appointed are supposed to be open acts. They are supposed to be sins of commission, things which ought not to have been done. Omissions are sins, and must come into judgment: yet what had been omitted at one time, might be done at another; but a sin committed was past recall. They are supposed to be sins committed through ignorance. The law begins with the case of the anointed priest. It is evident that God never had any infallible priest in his church upon earth, when even the high priest was liable to fall into sins of ignorance. All pretensions to act without error are sure marks of Antichrist. The beast was to be carried without the camp, and there burned to ashes. This was a sign of the duty of repentance, which is the putting away sin as a detestable thing, which our soul hates. The sin-offering is called sin. What they did to that, we must do to our sins; the body of sin must be destroyed, Romans 6:6. The apostle applies the carrying this sacrifice without the camp to Christ, Hebrews 13:11-13.
Verse 13-21 – If the leaders of the people, through mistake, caused them to err, an offering must be brought, that wrath might not come upon the whole congregation. When sacrifices were offered, the persons, on whose behalf they were devoted, were to lay their hands on the heads of the victims, and to confess their sins. The elders were to do so, when the sacrifices were offered for the whole congregation. The load of sin was supposed then to be borne by the guiltless animal. When the offering is completed, it is said, atonement is made, and the sin shall be forgiven. The saving of churches and kingdoms from ruin, is owing to the satisfaction and mediation of Christ.
Verse 22-26 – Those who have power to call others to account, are themselves accountable to the Ruler of rulers. The sin of the ruler, committed through ignorance, must come to his knowledge, either by the check of his own conscience, or by the reproof of his friends; both which even the best and greatest, not only should submit to, but be thankful for. That which I see not, teach thou me, and, Show me wherein I have erred, are prayers we should put up to God every day; that if, through ignorance, we fall into sin, we may not through ignorance abide in it.
Verse 27-35 – Here is the law of the sin-offering for a common person. To be able to plead, when charged with sin, that we did it ignorantly, and through the surprise of temptation, will not bring us off, if we have no interest in that great plea, Christ hath died. The sins of ignorance committed by a common person, needed a sacrifice; the greatest are not above, the meanest are not below Divine justice. None, if offenders, were overlooked. Here rich and poor meet together; they are alike sinners, and welcome to Christ. From all these laws concerning the sin-offerings, we may learn to hate sin, and to watch against it; and to value Christ, the great and true Sin-offering, whose blood cleanses from all sin, which it was not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away. For us to err, with the Bible in our hands, is the effect of pride, sloth, and carelessness. We need to use frequent self-examination, with serious study of the Scriptures, and earnest prayer for the convincing influences of God the Holy Spirit; that we may detect our sins of ignorance, repent, and obtain forgiveness through the blood of Christ.